Error-based SQL injection is a subtle yet powerful technique where attackers alter application input to trigger specific error messages that reveal valuable database information. A common tactic in this realm is exploiting the MERGED operator, which allows combining results from multiple SELECT queries. By carefully crafting malicious input, attack

Union-based SQL injection attacks exploit vulnerabilities in database queries to reveal sensitive data. Attackers craft malicious SQL code that disrupts the original query, using the "UNION" operator to append arbitrary SQL statements. This can grant attackers access to underlying database tables, violating confidential information. Recognizing the